The principles of learning and behavior

The principles of learning and behavior / Michael Domjan ; with neuroscience contributions by James W. Grau.

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Domjan, Michael, 1947-
Other Authors: Grau, James W.
Format: Book
Language:English
Published: Stamford, CT : Cengage Learning, c2015.
Edition:7th ed.
Subjects:
Conditioned response.
Learning, Psychology of.
Behaviorism (Psychology)
Table of Contents:
  • ch. 1 Background and Rationale for the Study of Learning and Behavior
  • Historical Antecedents
  • Historical Developments in the Study of the Mind
  • Historical Developments in the Study of Reflexes
  • The Dawn of the Modern Era
  • Comparative Cognition and the Evolution of Intelligence
  • Functional Neurology
  • Animal Models of Human Behavior
  • Animal Models and Drug Development
  • Animal Models and Machine Learning
  • The Definition of Learning
  • The Learning-Performance Distinction
  • Learning and Other Sources of Behavior Change
  • Learning and Levels of Analysis
  • Methodological Aspects of the Study of Learning
  • Learning as an Experimental Science
  • The General-Process Approach to the Study of Learning
  • Use of Nonhuman Animals in Research on Learning
  • Rationale for the Use of Nonhuman Animals in Research on Learning
  • Laboratory Animals and Normal Behavior
  • Public Debate about Research With Nonhuman Animals
  • Sample Questions
  • Key Terms
  • ch. 2 Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization
  • The Nature of Elicited Behavior
  • The Concept of the Reflex
  • Modal Action Patterns
  • Eliciting Stimuli for Modal Action Patterns
  • The Sequential Organization of Behavior
  • Effects of Repeated Stimulation
  • Salivation and Hedonic Ratings of Taste in People
  • Visual Attention in Human Infants
  • The Startle Response
  • Sensitization and the Modulation of Elicited Behavior
  • Adaptiveness and Pervasiveness of Habituation and Sensitization
  • Habituation Versus Sensory Adaptation and Response Fatigue
  • The Dual-Process Theory of Habituation and Sensitization
  • Applications of the Dual-Process Theory
  • Implications of the Dual-Process Theory
  • Habituation and Sensitization of Emotions and Motivated Behavior
  • Emotional Reactions and Their Aftereffects
  • The Opponent Process Theory of Motivation
  • Concluding Comments
  • Sample Questions
  • Key Terms
  • ch. 3 Classical Conditioning: Foundations
  • The Early Years of Classical Conditioning
  • The Discoveries of Vul'fson and Snarskii
  • The Classical Conditioning Paradigm
  • Experimental Situations
  • Fear Conditioning
  • Eyeblink Conditioning
  • Sign Tracking and Goal Tracking
  • Learning Taste Preferences and Aversions
  • Excitatory Pavlovian Conditioning Methods
  • Common Pavlovian Conditioning Procedures
  • Measuring Conditioned Responses
  • Control Procedures for Classical Conditioning
  • Effectiveness of Common Conditioning Procedures
  • Inhibitory Pavlovian Conditioning
  • Procedures for Inhibitory Conditioning
  • Measuring Conditioned Inhibition
  • Prevalence of Classical Conditioning
  • Concluding Comments
  • Sample Questions
  • Key Terms
  • ch. 4 Classical Conditioning: Mechanisms
  • What Makes Effective Conditioned and Unconditioned Stimuli?
  • Initial Responses to the Stimuli
  • Novelty of Conditioned and Unconditioned Stimuli
  • CS and US Intensity and Salience
  • CS-US Relevance, or Belongingness
  • Learning Without an Unconditioned Stimulus
  • What Determines the Nature of the Conditioned Response?
  • The US as a Determining Factor for the CR
  • The CS as a Determining Factor for the CR
  • The CS-US Interval as a Determining Factor for the CR
  • Conditioned Responding and Behavior Systems
  • S-R Versus S-S Learning
  • Pavlovian Conditioning as Modification of Responses to the Unconditioned Stimulus
  • How Do Conditioned and Unconditioned Stimuli Become Associated?
  • The Blocking Effect
  • The Rescorla-Wagner Model
  • Attentional Models of Conditioning
  • Timing and Information Theory Models
  • The Comparator Hypothesis
  • Concluding Comments
  • Sample Questions
  • Key Terms
  • ch. 5 Instrumental Conditioning: Foundations
  • Early Investigations of Instrumental Conditioning
  • Modern Approaches to the Study of Instrumental Conditioning
  • Discrete-Trial Procedures
  • Free-Operant Procedures
  • Instrumental Conditioning Procedures
  • Positive Reinforcement
  • Punishment
  • Negative Reinforcement
  • Omission Training or Negative Punishment
  • Fundamental Elements of Instrumental Conditioning
  • The Instrumental Response
  • The Instrumental Reinforcer
  • The Response-Reinforcer Relation
  • Sample Questions
  • Key Terms
  • ch. 6 Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior
  • Simple Schedules of Intermittent Reinforcement
  • Ratio Schedules
  • Interval Schedules
  • Comparison of Ratio and Interval Schedules
  • Choice Behavior: Concurrent Schedules
  • Measures of Choice Behavior
  • The Matching Law
  • Mechanisms of the Matching Law
  • Complex Choice and Self-control
  • Concurrent-Chain Schedules
  • Self-Control Choice and Delay Discounting
  • Concluding Comments
  • Sample Questions
  • Key Terms
  • ch. 7 Instrumental Conditioning: Motivational Mechanisms
  • The Associative Structure of Instrumental Conditioning
  • The S-R Association and the Law of Effect
  • Expectancy of Reward and the S-O Association
  • R-O and S(R-O) Relations in Instrumental Conditioning
  • Response Allocation and Behavioral Economics
  • Antecedents of the Response-Allocation Approach
  • The Response Allocation Approach
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Contributions of the Response-Allocation Approach and Behavioral Economics
  • Concluding Comments
  • Sample Questions
  • Key Terms
  • ch. 8 Stimulus Control of Behavior
  • Identification and Measurement of Stimulus Control
  • Differential Responding and Stimulus Discrimination
  • Stimulus Generalization
  • Stimulus and Reinforcement Variables
  • Sensory Capacity and Orientation
  • Relative Ease of Conditioning Various Stimuli
  • Type of Reinforcement
  • Stimulus Elements Versus Configural Cues in Compound Stimuli
  • Learning Factors in Stimulus Control
  • Stimulus Discrimination Training
  • What Is Learned in Discrimination Training?
  • Spence's Theory of Discrimination Learning
  • Interactions Between S+ and S-: The Peak-Shift Effect
  • Stimulus Equivalence Training
  • Contextual Cues and Conditional Relations
  • Control by Contextual Cues
  • Control by Conditional Relations
  • Concluding Comments
  • Sample Questions
  • Key Terms
  • ch. 9 Extinction of Conditioned Behavior
  • Effects of Extinction Procedures
  • Forms of Recovery From Extinction
  • Spontaneous Recovery
  • Renewal of Conditioned Responding
  • Reinstatement of Conditioned Responding
  • Resurgence of Conditioned Behavior
  • Enhancing Extinction
  • Number and Spacing of Extinction Trials
  • Immediate Versus Delayed Extinction
  • Repetition of Extinction/Test Cycles
  • Conducting Extinction in Multiple Contexts
  • Presenting Extinction Reminder Cues
  • Compounding Extinction Stimuli
  • Priming Extinction to Update Memory for Reconsolidation
  • What Is Learned in Extinction?
  • Paradoxical Reward Effects
  • Mechanisms of the Partial-Reinforcement Extinction Effect
  • Resistance to Change and Behavioral Momentum
  • Concluding Comments
  • Sample Questions
  • Key Terms
  • ch. 10 Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment
  • Avoidance Behavior
  • Origins of the Study of Avoidance Behavior
  • The Discriminated Avoidance Procedure
  • Two-Process Theory of Avoidance
  • Experimental Analysis of Avoidance Behavior
  • Alternative Theoretical Accounts of Avoidance Behavior
  • The Avoidance Puzzle: Concluding Comments
  • Punishment
  • Experimental Analysis of Punishment
  • Theories of Punishment
  • Punishment Outside the Laboratory
  • Sample Questions
  • Key Terms
  • ch. 11 Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms
  • Comparative Cognition, Consciousness, and Anthropomorphism
  • Memory: Basic Concepts
  • Stages of Information Processing
  • Types of Memory
  • Working and Reference Memory
  • Delayed Matching to Sample
  • Spatial Memory in Mazes
  • Memory Mechanisms
  • Acquisition and the Problem of Stimulus Coding
  • Retrospective and Prospective Coding
  • Retention and the Problem of Rehearsal
  • Retrieval
  • Forgetting and Sources of Memory Failure
  • Proactive and Retroactive Interference
  • Retrograde Amnesia
  • Consolidation, Reconsolidation, and Memory Updating
  • Reconsolidation
  • Concluding Comments
  • Sample Questions
  • Key Terms
  • ch. 12 Comparative Cognition II: Special Topics
  • Food Caching and Recovery
  • Spatial Memory in Food Caching and Recovery
  • Episodic Memory in Food Caching and Recovery
  • Timing
  • Techniques for Studying the Temporal Control of Behavior
  • Properties of Temporally Controlled Behavior
  • Models of Timing
  • Serial Order Learning
  • Possible Bases of Serial Order Performance
  • Techniques for the Study of Serial Order Learning
  • Categorization and Concept Learning
  • Perceptual Concept Learning
  • Learning Higher-Level Concepts
  • Learning Abstract Concepts
  • Tool Use in Nonhuman Animals
  • Language Learning in Nonhuman Animals
  • Early Attempts at Language Training
  • Language Training Procedures
  • Components of Linguistic Skill
  • Evidence of "Grammar" in Great Apes
  • Sample Questions
  • Key Terms.

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