Pharmacology of Intestinal Permeation II

The intestine, particularly the small bowel, represents a large surface (in the adult 2 human approximately 200 m ) through which the body is exposed to its environ ment. A vigorous substrate exchange takes place across this large surface: nutrients and xenobiotics are absorbed from the lumen into...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author:	SpringerLink (Online service)
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg : Imprint: Springer, 1984.
Edition:	1st ed. 1984.
Series:	Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 70 / 2 Springer eBook Collection.
Subjects:	Pharmacology. Pharmacy. Electronic resources (E-books)
Online Access:	Click to view e-book
Holy Cross Note:	Loaded electronically. Electronic access restricted to members of the Holy Cross Community.

Table of Contents:

18 Intestinal Absorption of Xenobiotics.
A. Introduction
B. Drug Absorption and Pharmacologic Response
C. The Side of Drug Absorption
D. The Intestinal Barrier and its Permeability
E. Factors Which Influence the Intestinal Absorption of Xenobiotics
References
19 Role of Digestive Enzymes in the Permeability of the Enterocyte
A. Introduction
B. Relationship Between the Hydrolytic and Transport Systems of the Enterocytes
C. Enzyme Apparatus of the Apical Membrane of the Enterocytes
D. Characterization of the Transport of Free Monomers and Hydrolysis-Released Monomers
E. The Enzyme Transport Complexes of the Apical Membrane of the Enterocytes
F. Conclusion
References
20 The Surface pH of the Intestinal Mucosa and its Significance in the Permeability of Organic Anions.
A. Introduction
B. Intestinal pH Measurements
C. Acidification Studies
D. The Intestinal Acid Microclimate
E. Alternative Concepts
F. Absorption and the Microclimate Hypothesis: Three Paradigms
G. Modelling the System
H. Conclusion
References
21 The Role of the Unstirred Water Layer in Intestinal Permeation
A. Unstirred Water Layers: Historical and Conceptual Background
B. Water Compartments In and Around the Intestinal Mucosal Cell
C. Comparison of Dimensions of the Unstirred Water Layer with Morphological Parameters
D. The Glycocalyx and Mucus as Diffusion Barriers
E. Intestinal Membrane Structure
F. Movement of Solutes Across Biologic Membranes: General Principles
G. Effects of Aqueous Diffusion Barriers on Solute Movement
H. A Consideration of Surface Areas
J. Consequences of Failure to Correct for the Unstirred Water Layer and Passive Permeation
K. Diffusion Barriers of Greater Complexity
L. Possible Functional Heterogeneity of the Villus
M. Effect of Carrier Molecules, Solubility of Probe, and Metabolism in the Cytosolic Compartment
N. Effect of Membrane Polarity on Penetration of Passively Transported Molecules
O. Anomalous Behavior of Diffusion of Certain Solutes Across the Intestine
P. Methods Available for the Measurement of the Dimensions of the Unstirred Water Layer
Q. Examples of the Effect of Unstirred Water Layers on Intestinal Transport
References
22 Intestinal Permeation of Organic Bases and Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
A. Introduction
B. Absorption of Organic Bases and Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
C. Intestinal Secretion of Organic Cations
D. A Concept for the Intestinal Permeation of Organic Cations
E. Comparative Aspects of Organic Cation Secretion
F. Conclusions
References
23 Role of Blood Flow in Intestinal Permeation
A. Introduction
B. Methods
C. Theoretical Considerations
D. Experimental Data
E. Concluding Remarks
References
24 Hormonal Effects on Intestinal Permeability
A. Introduction
B. Gastrin
C. Cholecystokinin
D. Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide
E. Secretin
F. Insulin
G. Glucagon
H. Other Gastrointestinal Polypeptides
J. General Remarks on the Effects of Gastrointestinal Hormones on Intestinal Permeation
References
25 The Influence of Opiates on Intestinal Transport
A. Introduction
B. In Vivo Studies
C. In Vitro Studies
D. Ion Flux Responses
E. Antisecretory Activity
F. Summary
References
26 Effect of Cholera Enterotoxin on Intestinal Permeability
A. Introduction
B. Cholera Enterotoxin-Intestinal Interaction
C. Role of Increased Filtration in the Production of Cholera-Induced Intestinal Secretion
D. Conclusion
References
27 Aspects of Bacterial Enterotoxins Other than Cholera on Intestinal Permeability
A. Introduction
B. Escherichia coli
C. Shigella
D. Prostaglandin Released from Inflamed Tissue and Fluid and Electrolyte Secretion
E. Salmonella
F. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
G. Campylobacter fetus
H. Yersinia enterocolitica
J. Noncoliform Enterobacteriaceae
K. Food Poisoning Organisms
L. Staphylococcus
M. Additional Mechanisms for Toxin-Mediated Permeation Defects
References
28 Mechanisms of Action of Laxative Drugs
A. Introduction
B. Intestinal Tract Smooth Muscle Response to Laxatives
C. Effects of Laxatives on Fluid and Electrolyte Movement
D. Bulk and Dietary Fibers
E. Summary
References
29 Action Mechanisms of Secretagogue Drugs
A. Introduction
B. Theoretical Considerations
C. Triarylmethane and Anthraquinone Derivatives
D. Surfactants
E. General Summary and Concluding Remarks
References
30 Use and Abuse of Cathartics
A. Introduction
B. Classification
C. Indications for Use
D. Laxative Abuse
E. Summary
References
31 Intestinal Permeability Studies in Humans
A. Introduction
B. Methods for Studying Intestinal Permeability in Humans
C. Permeability Characteristics of the Human Gut
D. Influence of Drugs on Intestinal Permeability
E. Intestinal Permeability in Disease
References.

Pharmacology of Intestinal Permeation II

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