General Pharmacology

General Pharmacology by A.J. Clark.

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Clark, A.J (Author)
Corporate Author: SpringerLink (Online service)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg : Imprint: Springer, 1937.
Edition:1st ed. 1937.
Series:Handbuch der Experimentellen Pharmakologie ; 4
Springer eBook Collection.
Subjects:
Pharmacology.
Pharmacy.
Medicinal chemistry.
Electronic resources (E-books)
Online Access:Click to view e-book
Holy Cross Note:Loaded electronically.
Electronic access restricted to members of the Holy Cross Community.
Table of Contents:
  • 1: Methods of General Pharmacology
  • General Considerations
  • Selection of Material
  • Employment of Physicochemical Methods
  • The Mathematical Interpretation of Biological Data
  • Favourable Factors in Pharmacological Measurements
  • Curves Relating Exposure to Drugs with Biological Effect
  • Classes of Curves
  • Discussion
  • 2: The Cell as a Physicochemical System
  • The Structure of Protoplasm
  • The Cell Surface
  • Cell Permeability
  • Structure of Plasmatic Membrane
  • Cell Organisation
  • 3: General Characteristics of the Cell-Drug System
  • Dimensions of Molecules and Cells
  • The Number of Molecules in Single Cells
  • The Number of Enzyme Molecules per Cell
  • Lethal Doses of Drugs per Cell
  • Effective Doses of Drugs per Cell
  • Minimum Active Doses of Drugs per Organism
  • Minimum Active Dilutions of Drugs
  • Intracellular Administration of Drugs
  • Types of Action of Drugs on Cells
  • Discussion
  • 4: Reactions between Drugs and Active Proteins
  • Symplex Compounds
  • Combination of Haemoglobin with Oxygen and Carbon Monoxide
  • Antagonism of Oxygen and Carbon Monoxide
  • Discussion
  • 5: The Action of Drugs on Catalysts and Enzymes
  • Poisoning of Inorganic Catalysts
  • General Characters of Enzymes
  • Enzyme Activity
  • General Characters of the Poisoning of Enzymes
  • Diphasic Actions of Enzyme Poisons
  • The Rate of Action of Enzyme Poisons
  • Relation between Concentration of Poison and Inhibition of Enzyme
  • Discussion
  • 6: Action of Heavy Metals on Enzymes in vitro and in vivo
  • Action of Heavy Metals on Saccharase
  • Concentration-action Relations of Heavy Metals and Enzymes
  • The Action of Metals on Living Cells
  • Relation between Metal Concentration and Action on Cells
  • Minimum Lethal Concentrations of Heavy Metals
  • Relative Toxicity of Metals
  • Course of Reaction between Metals and Cells
  • Diphasic Actions of Metals on Cells
  • Discussion
  • 7: Action of Various Enzyme Poisons in vitro and in vivo
  • The Action of Dyes on Enzymes
  • Action of Quinine on Enzymes
  • Action of Quinine on Cells
  • Action of Cyanide on Enzymes and Cells
  • Diphasic Actions of Cyanide
  • Phenol Compounds
  • The Action of Narcotics
  • Action of Narcotics on Enzymes
  • Action of Narcotics on Cells
  • Theories of Narcotic Action
  • Discussion
  • 8: Concentration-action Relations I
  • (1) Classification of Concentration-action Curves
  • Relations Depending on Mass-action p.
  • All-or-None Effects p.
  • (2) Concentration-action Relations Attributable to Mass-action Laws
  • The Mode of Action of Acetylcholine p.
  • Amount of Aeetylcholine Acting on Cells p.
  • Individual Variation p.
  • Site of Action of Acetylcholine p.
  • Influence of Temperature on Acetylcholine Response p.
  • Specificity of Aeetyleholine Action p.
  • Possible Nature of Acetylcholine Receptors p.
  • Acetylcholine Esterase p.
  • Concentration-action Relations of Adrenaline p.
  • Dosage of Adrenaline p.
  • Concentration-action Relations Found with Various Hormones p.
  • Insulin p.
  • Thyroxin p.
  • Posterior Pituitary Principles p.
  • Sex Hormones p.
  • Various Alkaloids p.
  • Nicotine p.
  • Physostigmine p.
  • Other Alkaloids p.
  • 9: Concentration-action Relations II
  • (3) Linear Relations; Action of Narcotics
  • (4) All-or-None Responses
  • Instrumental Errors p.
  • Distortion by the Cell of some Chemical Relation p.
  • Obligatory All-or-None effects p.
  • All-or-None Cellular Responses p.
  • Concentration-action Curves with Guinea Pig’s Uterus p.
  • Drugs Producing All-or-None Effects p.
  • Discussion p.
  • 10: Quantitative Pharmacology and the Theory of Humoral Transmission
  • Quantitative Data
  • Rate of Action
  • Concentration-action Relations
  • Specific Antagonisms
  • Discussion
  • 11: Kinetics of Drug Action
  • Sources of Error in Kinetic Measurements
  • (1) Kinetics of Reactions in Heterogenous Systems
  • (2) Kinetics of Cell Reaction
  • Delays in Drug Action Due to Diffusion to Cell Surface p.
  • Penetration of Cells p.
  • Delay in Biological Response p.
  • (3) Maximum Rate of Drug Action
  • 12: The Rate of Action of Drugs on Cells
  • (1) Curves Relating Time and Graded Action
  • The Shapes of Time-action Curves p.
  • (2) Curves Relating Time and All-or-None Effects
  • Kinetics of Protein Precipitation p.
  • Precipitation of Protein by Phenol p.
  • (3) Time Action Curves as Expressions of Variation
  • Calculation of Time-action Curves p.
  • Time Relations of Toxic Action of Copper on Algae p.
  • (4) Implications of Monomolecular Theory
  • Quantitative Measurements of Drug Uptake p.
  • Drug Actions as Chain Processes p.
  • (5) Mortality Curves
  • (6) Action of Radiations
  • Discussion p.
  • 13: Time-concentrations Curves
  • (1) Form of Curves and Possible Significance
  • (2) Time-concentration Curves of Nerve Paralysis
  • (3) Time-concentration Curves with Various Drugs
  • (4) Time-concentration Relations in Disinfection
  • (5) Toxic Vapours
  • Deviation of Narcotics p.
  • Time-concentration Curves of Anaesthetics p.
  • Time-concentration Curves of Hydrocyanic Acid p.
  • Irritant Gases p.
  • Discussion p.
  • 14: Individual Variation of Response to Drugs
  • Methods of Measurement of Individual Variation
  • Skew Variation in Biological Material
  • Normal Equivalent Deviation
  • Errors in Construction of Characteristic Curves
  • Uniformity of Population
  • Errors of Sampling
  • 15: Relation between Various Types of Curves Expressing Response of Cells to Drugs
  • (1) Concentration-action Curves as Expressions of Individual Variation
  • Virus Infections p.
  • Discussion p.
  • (2) Characteristic Curves as Expressions of Chemical Processes
  • (3) Correlation between Concentration-action Curves and Characteristic Curves
  • Examples of Skewed Characteristic Curves p.
  • All-or-None Effects p.
  • Discussion p.
  • (4) Drug Responses and Individual Variation
  • 16: Special Problems Relating to Variation of Populations
  • Uniformity of Population
  • Influence of Sex, Age and Weight on Response to Drugs
  • Seasonal Variations in Sensitivity
  • Variation in Human Populations
  • Hypersensitivity and Idiosyncrasy
  • Margin of Safety with Massive Doses
  • Disinfection, etc.
  • 17: Quantitative Aspects of Drug Antagonism and of Drug Synergism
  • The antagonism of cyanides by narcotics
  • Selective Antagonisms with Haemoglobin
  • Antagonism in Enzyme Poisoning
  • Acetyl Choline-Atropine Antagonism
  • Adrenaline-Ergotoxine Antagonism
  • Synergists of Adrenaline
  • Comparison of Antagonisms found with Enzymes and with Hormones
  • 18: Qualitative Aspects of Drug Antagonism
  • Antagonism of Adrenaline
  • Chemical Structure of Acetyl Choline Antagonists
  • Acetyl Choline Antagonism in Different Tissues
  • Analysis of Drug Actions by Drug Antagonisms
  • General Theory of Drug Antagonisms
  • 19: Alternative Theories of Drug Action
  • Monomolecular Theory
  • The Potential Theory of Drug Action
  • Phasic response of cells
  • Arndt-Schulz Law
  • Drug Responses as Expression of Individual Variation
  • Weber-Fechner Law
  • Discussion
  • 20: Quantitative Aspects of Chemotherapy
  • Action of Metallic Compounds
  • Action of Non-metallic Compounds
  • Drug-resistance
  • Discussion
  • 21: Conclusion
  • Index of Authors
  • Index of Subjects.

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