Histamine and Histamine Antagonists

Histamine and Histamine Antagonists edited by Börje Uvnäs.

Together with the two previous volumes of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology on histamine and antihistamines the present publication yields a picture of a still rapidly developing field of research. New techniques and new experimental approaches have brought us new knowledge and deeper insigh...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: SpringerLink (Online service)
Other Authors: Uvnäs, Börje (Editor)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg : Imprint: Springer, 1991.
Edition:1st ed. 1991.
Series:Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 97
Springer eBook Collection.
Subjects:
Pharmacology.
Human physiology.
Immunology.
Internal medicine.
Electronic resources (E-books)
Online Access:Click to view e-book
Holy Cross Note:Loaded electronically.
Electronic access restricted to members of the Holy Cross Community.
Table of Contents:
  • 1 Current Techniques of Histamine Determination
  • A. Suggestions to Those Who Have Become Histaminologists at a Time of Overflooding and Biased Information
  • References
  • B. Bioassays
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Description
  • III. Practicability
  • IV. Reliability
  • V. Comments
  • References
  • C. Fluorometric Assays
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Modifications of the Fluorometric Assay
  • III. Strategy for Selecting a Modified Fluorometric Assay for Solving a Specific Analytical Problem
  • IV. Combined Method as a Standard Technique for Histamine Assays in Tissues, Body Fluids and Isolated Cells
  • 1. Sample-Taking and Preparation
  • 2. Homogenization and Centrifugation
  • 3. Ion-Exchange Chromatography on Dowex 50W-X8
  • 4. Extraction by Solvent Partition
  • 5. Condensation Step
  • 6. Measurement and Calculation of Histamine Contents
  • V. Reliability and Practicability of the Fluorometric Methods
  • 1. Detectability (Sensitivity)
  • 2. Specificity
  • 3. Precision
  • 4. Accuracy
  • 5. Practicability
  • VI. Conclusions
  • References
  • D. Automated Fluorometric Assays
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Chemistry of the Reactions
  • III. Chemical System in Use in the Author’s Laboratory
  • IV. Carry-Over
  • V. Detectability
  • VI. Specificity
  • VII. With-Run Imprecision
  • VIII. Practicability
  • IX. Glass Microfibre-Based Histamine Assay
  • X. Conclusions
  • References
  • E. Radioenzymatic Assays in Biological Fluids
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Assay Procedures
  • III. Applications
  • IV. Precision, Accuracy and Specificity
  • V. Sensitivity
  • References
  • F. Determination by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
  • I. Techniques
  • II. Detection and Derivatization
  • III. Performance Characteristics
  • 1. Precision
  • 2. Accuracy and Specificity
  • 3. Detectability
  • IV. Coanalysis of Related Compounds
  • V. Practicability
  • VI. Conclusions
  • References
  • G. Determination in Biological Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Description
  • 1. Materials
  • 2. Sample Handling
  • 3. Extraction Procedure
  • 4. Preparation of Standards
  • 5. Derivatization
  • 6. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  • 7. Quantification
  • III. Practicability
  • IV. Precision, Accuracy and Specificity
  • References
  • H. Immunologic Methods
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Description
  • III. Practicability
  • IV. Precision
  • V. Accuracy and Specificity
  • VI. Detectability
  • VII. Format of the Assessment Report
  • References
  • J. Measurement of Histamine Metabolites
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Enhancement of Insights into the Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles of Histamine by Measuring Its Metabolites
  • References
  • K. Munich Consensus Development Conference on Histamine Determination
  • I. Consensus Development Conference: A New Strategy for Solving Problems Not Only in Clinical Medicine But Also in Biomedicine in a Formalized Way
  • II. Results: The Consensus Statement
  • 1. What Criteria Should be Used to Analyse the Reliability of a Histamine Assay?
  • a) Detectability (Sensitivity)
  • b) Specificity
  • c) Precision
  • d) Accuracy
  • 2. How Reliable at Present are the Principal Assays for Measuring Histamine in Standard Solutions with Authentic Histamine
  • 3. How Reliable at Present are the Principal Assays for Measuring Histamine in Human Plasma?
  • 4. Is the Usefulness of the Principal Assays for Obtaining Reliable Histamine Values Demonstrated for a Series of Biomedical Conditions and for Some More Complex Situations?
  • III. Conclusion
  • References
  • 2 Heterogeneity of Mast Cells
  • A. Introduction: Role and Distribution of Mast Cells
  • B. Aspects of Mast Cell Heterogeneity
  • I. Histochemical Differences Between Mast Cells
  • II. Ultrastructural Differences Between Mast Cells
  • III. Differences in Preformed and Newly Synthesized Mast Cell Mediators
  • IV. Functional Differences: Variations in Response to Secretory Stimuli and Anti-Allergic Drugs
  • C. Origins of Mast Cell Heterogeneity
  • D. Summary and Conclusions
  • I. Implications of Mast Cell Heterogeneity
  • II. Problems of Nomenclature
  • III. Conclusions
  • References
  • 3 Control of the Exocytotic Mechanism in Rat Mast Cells
  • A. The Mast Cell and Exocytotic Secretion
  • B. Stimulus-Secretion Coupling
  • I. Role of Ca2+
  • II. Role of ATP
  • III. Cell Permeabilisation
  • IV. Secretion Induced by Ca2+ from ATP4-Permeabilised Mast Cells
  • 1. Secretion Induced by CA2+ from Other Secretory Cells
  • 2. Control of Ca2+ Affinity by GTP in Permeabilised Platelets
  • V. Calcium Ion Independent Secretion Induced by GTP from Permeabilised Neutrophils
  • C. Essential Role for GTP in Exocytosis from Mast Cells
  • I. Essential Synergy for Ca2+ and GTP for Secretion from Permeabilised Mast Cells
  • 1. Enhancement of Affinity for Ca2+ and Guanine Nucleotide by ATP
  • 2. Enhancement of Affinity for GTP by ATP
  • 3. Role of ATP in Stimulus-Secretion Coupling
  • 4. Role of Protein Kinase C in the Maintenance of Effector Affinity
  • 5. Restoration of Responsiveness by ATP to Cells Rendered Refractory Following Permeabilisation
  • II. Role of Polyphosphoinositide Metabolites in Exocytosis?
  • 1. G-Protein Control of Exocytosis: GE
  • 2. Involvement of GE in Other Secretory Cells
  • 3. Receptor Control of GE in Mast Cells?
  • III. Summary
  • D. Kinetics of Exocytosis
  • I. Effect of Varying GTP-?-S
  • II. Effect of Varying Ca2+
  • III. Rate of Arachidonate Production Paralleling Exocytosis
  • IV. Inhibition of Onset of Exocytosis by ATP
  • 1. A Protein Dephosphorylation Mechanism of Exocytotic Secretion
  • V. Summary
  • E. Measurement of Membrane Capacitance
  • I. Unit Exocytotic Events
  • 1. Capacitance Flicker
  • 2. Beige Mouse Mast Cells
  • F. Conclusion
  • References
  • 4 Formation of Histamine: Histidine Decarboxylase
  • A. Introduction
  • B. Distribution
  • I. Stomach
  • II. Mast Cells
  • III. Brain
  • IV. Miscellaneous Tissues
  • C. Purification
  • D. Properties
  • E. Inhibitors
  • I. In Vitro Studies on HDC Inhibition by FMH
  • II. In Vivo Inactivation of HDC and Depletion of Histamine by FMH Administration
  • III. Effect of Histamine Depletion by FMH on Physiological Parameters and Possible Use of FMH as a Drug
  • F. Changes in HDC Activity with Various Treatments
  • G. Antibodies
  • References
  • 5 Catabolism of Histamine
  • A. Introduction
  • B. Methylation of Histamine
  • I. Ring N-Methylation
  • 1. Assay of Histamine N-Methyltransferase
  • 2. Properties of Histamine N-Methyltransferase
  • 3. Inhibitors of Histamine N-Methyltransferase Activity
  • 4. Occurrence and Distribution
  • 5. Metabolites
  • II. Side-Chain Methylation
  • C. Oxidative Deamination of Histamine
  • I. Assay of Diamine Oxidase
  • II. Occurrence of Diamine Oxidase
  • III. Properties of Diamine Oxidase
  • IV. Inhibitors
  • D. Other Catabolic Pathways of Histamine
  • I. Glutamylation of Histamine
  • II. Acetylation of Histamine
  • References
  • 6 Histamine Receptors in Brain
  • A. Introduction
  • B. Histamine H1 Receptors
  • I. Molecular Properties
  • II. Distribution in the CNS
  • III. Inositol Phospholipid Hydrolysis
  • IV. Potentiation of Cyclic AMP Accumulation
  • V. Glycogenolysis
  • VI. Cyclic GMP Accumulation and Other Biochemical Responses
  • VII. Electrophysiological Responses
  • C. Histamine H2 Receptors
  • I. Molecular Properties
  • II. Adenylate Cyclase Activation
  • III. Phospholipid Methylation
  • IV. Localization
  • V. Electrophysiological Responses
  • D. Histamine H3 Receptors
  • I. Pharmacological Definition and Structure-Activity Relationships
  • II. Mediation of Actions
  • III. Radiolabelling
  • IV. Distribution in the CNS
  • E. Conclusions
  • References
  • 7 Structure and Functions of the Histaminergic Neurone System
  • A. Introduction
  • B. Location and Distribution of the Histaminergic Neurone System
  • I. Neurochemical Studies
  • II. Immunohistochemical Studies
  • 1. Histaminergic System in Rat Brain
  • a) Histidine Decarboxylase as a Marker
  • b) Histamine as a Marker
  • c) Histaminergic Neurones in the Tuberomammillary Nucleus of Rat Hypothalamus
  • d) Organization of Histaminergic Nerve Fibres in Rat Brain
  • 2. Central Histaminergic System in Other Species
  • III. Autoradiographic Studies
  • C. Physiological Functions of the Histaminergic Neurone System
  • I. General Considerations
  • II. ?-Fluoromethylhistidine as a Pharmacological Tool
  • III. Possible Physiological Functions Deduced from Neuropharmacological Studies
  • 1. Behaviours
  • a) Motor Activity
  • b) Conditioned Behaviour
  • c) Aggression and Depression
  • d) Cataleptic Behaviour
  • e) Feeding Behaviour
  • f) Drinking Behavkmr
  • 2. Sleep-Wakefulness
  • 3. Antinociception and Analgesia
  • 4. Neuroendocrine System
  • a) Corticotropin
  • b) Somatotropin
  • c) Gonadotropin
  • d) Prolactin
  • e) Thyrotropin
  • f) Vasopressin
  • 5. Blood Pressure
  • 6. Thermoregulation
  • D. Conclusion
  • References
  • 8 Histamine H2 Receptors and Lung Function
  • A. Introduction
  • B. H2 Receptors and Airway Smooth Muscle
  • C. H2 Receptors and Pulmonary Vasculature
  • D. H2 Receptors and Mucus Secretion
  • E. H2 Receptors and Inflammatory Mediator Release from Lung
  • F. H2 Receptors and the Control of Lung Function In Vivo
  • G. Concluding Remarks
  • References
  • 9 Histamine and the Parietal Cell
  • A. Introduction
  • I. Historical Notes
  • II. Experimental Models
  • 1. Intact Animals
  • 2. Isolated Stomachs
  • 3. Isolated Glands
  • 4. Isolated Cells
  • 5. Subcellular Preparations
  • B. Stimulatory Processes at the Parietal Cell
  • I. Receptors
  • 1. Histamine
  • 2. Gastrin
  • 3. Acetylcholine
  • 4. Adenosine
  • 5. Other Receptors
  • II. Mode of Action of Secretagogues. Second Messengers
  • 1. Histamine
  • 2. Gastrin
  • 3. Acetylcholine
  • III. Histamine as the Final Common Mediator or Just a Cooperative Secretagogue
  • 1. The Transmission Hypothesis
  • 2. The Permission Hypothesis
  • 3. Histamine-Containing Cells
  • IV. Mode of Action by Some Gastric Acid Inhibitors
  • 1. Adenosine -.

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