Chemistry and physics of mechanical hardness / John J. Gilman.

Hardness is one the most important properties of solid materials and requires a comprehensive treatment. There are books on hardness testing and on the hardnesses of particular types of materials, but there are none that treat the physics and chemistry of the subject in a general way. Atomic Basis o...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Gilman, John J. (John Joseph)
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley, ©2009.
Subjects:	Hardness. Strength of materials. hardness. strength of materials. TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING > Fracture Mechanics. Hardness Strength of materials
Online Access:	Click for online access

Table of Contents:

CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF MECHANICAL HARDNESS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface
1 Introduction
1.1 Why Hardness Matters (A Short History)
1.2 Purpose of This Book
1.3 The Nature of Hardness
References
2 Indentation
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Chin-Gilman Parameter
2.3 What Does Indentation Hardness Measure?
2.4 Indentation Size Effect
2.5 Indentation Size (From Macro to Nano)
2.6 Indentation vs. Scratch Hardness
2.7 Blunt or Soft Indenters
2.8 Anisotropy
2.9 Indenter and Specimen Surfaces
References
3 Chemical Bonding
3.1 Forms of Bonding
3.2 Atoms
3.3 State Symmetries
3.4 Molecular Bonding (Hydrogen)
3.5 Covalent Bonds
3.6 Bonding in Solids
3.6.1 Ionic Bonding
3.6.2 Metallic Bonding
3.6.3 Covalent Crystals
3.7 Electrodynamic Bonding
3.8 Polarizability
References
4 Plastic Deformation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Dislocation Movement
4.3 Importance of Symmetry
4.4 Local Inelastic Shearing of Atoms
4.5 Dislocation Multiplication
4.6 Individual Dislocation Velocities (Microscopic Distances)
4.7 Viscous Drag
4.7.1 Pure Metals
4.7.2 Covalent Crystals
4.8 Deformation-Softening and Elastic Relaxation
4.9 Macroscopic Plastic Deformation
References
5 Covalent Semiconductors
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Octahedral Shear Stiffness
5.3 Chemical Bonds and Dislocation Mobility
5.4 Behavior of Kinks
5.5 Effect of Polarity
5.6 Photoplasticity
5.7 Surface Environments
5.8 Effect of Temperature
5.9 Doping Effects
References
6 Simple Metals and Alloys
6.1 Intrinsic Behavior
6.2 Extrinsic Sources of Plastic Resistance
6.2.1 Deformation-Hardening
6.2.2 Impurity Atoms (Alloying)
6.2.3 Precipitates (Clusters, Needles, and Platelets)
6.2.4 Grain-Boundaries
6.2.5 Surface Films (Such as Oxides).
6.2.6 Magnetic Domain Walls
6.2.7 Ferroelectric Domain-Walls
6.2.8 Twin Boundaries
References
7 Transition Metals
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Rare Earth Metals
References
8 Intermetallic Compounds
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Crystal Structures
8.2.1 Sigma Phase
8.2.2 Laves Phases
8.2.3 Ni(3)Al
8.3 Calculated Hardness of NiAl
8.4 Superconducting Intermetallic Compounds
8.5 Transition Metal Compounds
References
9 Ionic Crystals
9.1 Alkali Halides
9.2 Glide in the NaCl Structure
9.3 Alkali Halide Alloys
9.4 Glide in CsCl Structure
9.5 Effect of Imputities
9.6 Alkaline Earth Fluorides
9.7 Alkaline Earth Sulfides
9.8 Photomechanical Effects
9.9 Effects of Applied Electric Fields
9.10 Magneto-Plasticity
References
10 Metal-Metalloids (Hard Metals)
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Carbides
10.3 Tungsten Carbide
10.4 Borides
10.5 Titanium Diboride
10.6 Rare Metal Diborides
10.7 Hexaborides
10.8 Boron Carbide (Carbon Quasi-Hexaboride)
10.9 Nitrides
References
11 Oxides
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Silicates
11.2.1 Quartz
11.2.2 Hydrolytic Catalysis
11.2.3 Talc
11.3 Cubic Oxides
11.3.1 Alkaline Earth Oxides
11.3.2 Perovskites
11.3.3 Garnets
11.3.3.1 (Y(3)Al(5)O(12))-YAG
11.4 Hexagonal (Rhombohedral) Oxides
11.4.1 Aluminum Oxide (Sapphire)
11.4.2 Hexaboron Oxide
11.5 Comparison of Transition Metal Oxides with "Hard Metals"
References
12 Molecular Crystals
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Anthracene
12.3 Sucrose
12.4 Amino Acids
12.5 Protein Crystals
12.6 Energetic Crystals (Explosives)
12.7 Commentary
References
13 Polymers
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Thermosetting Resins (Phenolic and Epoxide)
13.3 Thermoplastic Polymers
13.4 Mechanisms of Inelastic Plasticity
13.5 "Natural" Polymers (Plants).
13.6 "Natural" Polymers (Animals)
References
14 Glasses
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Inorganic Glasses
14.3 Metallic Glasses
14.3.1 Hardness-Shear Modulus Relationship
14.3.2 Stable Compositions
References
15 Hot Hardness
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Nickel Aluminide versus Oxides
15.3 Other Hard Compounds
15.4 Metals
15.5 Intermetallic Compounds
References
16 Chemical Hardness
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Definition of Chemical Hardness
16.3 Physical (Mechanical) Hardness
16.4 Hardness and Electronic Stability
16.5 Chemical and Elastic Hardness (Stiffness)
16.6 Band Gap Density and Polarizability
16.7 Compression Induced Structure Changes
16.8 Summary
References
17 "Superhard" Materials
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Principles for High Hardness
17.3 Friction at High Loads
17.4 Superhard Materials
References
Index.

Chemistry and physics of mechanical hardness / John J. Gilman.

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