The biology of multiple sclerosis

The biology of multiple sclerosis / Gregory J. Atkins [and others].

"Multiple sclerosis is the most common debilitating neurological disease in people under the age of forty in the developed world. Many publications cover medical and clinical approaches to the disease; however, The Biology of Multiple Sclerosis provides a clear and concise up-to-date overview o...

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Bibliographic Details
Other Authors: Atkins, Gregory J.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Subjects:
Multiple sclerosis.
MEDICAL > Neurology.
HEALTH & FITNESS > Diseases > Alzheimer's & Dementia.
Multiple sclerosis
Online Access:Click for online access
Table of Contents:
  • Cover
  • The Biology of Multiple Sclerosis
  • Title
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Contributors
  • Preface
  • Chapter 1 Introduction: the biological basis
  • History of discovery
  • Characteristics of the disease
  • Diagnosis
  • Clinical signs
  • Magnetic resonance imaging
  • Autopsy
  • Evidence for an environmental factor
  • Nature of the environmental factor
  • Viruses
  • Vitamin D
  • Evidence for a genetic factor
  • Disease mechanisms
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 2 Neuropathology of multiple sclerosis
  • Background
  • Demyelinating disorders of the CNS
  • History of MS pathology
  • Pathological subtypes of MS
  • Marburg´s disease
  • Balo's concentric sclerosis
  • Neuromyelitis optica
  • Schilder´s disease
  • Tumefactive MS
  • Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
  • Acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • MS: gross pathology
  • Distribution of lesions
  • Histopathology
  • Demyelination
  • Remyelination
  • Neurodegeneration and axonal damage
  • Oligodendrocyte damage
  • Astrocytes
  • Mitochondrial damage
  • Stress proteins
  • Lesion staging and evolution
  • White matter lesions
  • The pre-active lesion
  • The active lesion
  • The chronic active lesion
  • The chronic inactive lesion
  • Periplaque white matter
  • Cortical grey matter pathology
  • The type 1 lesion
  • The type 2 lesion
  • The type 3 lesion
  • The type 4 lesion
  • Deep grey matter
  • Spinal cord
  • The meninges
  • Inflammation
  • Innate immunity
  • Microglia and macrophages
  • Adaptive immunity
  • T cells
  • B cells
  • Blood-brain barrier
  • Conclusions
  • Conflict of interest
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • Chapter 3 Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
  • Background
  • History of EAE
  • Induction of EAE
  • Adjuvants
  • Autoantigens
  • Immunisation protocols
  • EAE protocol for ABH mice
  • Clinical scoring
  • Disease courses.
  • Choice of model
  • Mice
  • Rats
  • Guinea pigs
  • Marmosets
  • Rhesus macaques
  • Pathology of EAE
  • Localisation of lesions
  • Demyelination
  • Remyelination
  • Oligodendrocyte damage and death
  • Neurodegeneration and axonal damage
  • Astrocyte pathology
  • BBB and vascular damage
  • Immune mechanisms
  • Innate immunity
  • Adaptive immunity
  • Mutant and transgenic mouse models
  • Guidelines for using, reporting, and reviewing EAE studies
  • Materials and methods
  • Results
  • Conclusions
  • Conflict of interest
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • Chapter 4 Immunology of MS
  • Introduction
  • Tolerance and autoimmunity
  • Pathogenesis of MS
  • Myelin antigens
  • Progression of MS
  • Role of the innate immune system
  • Dendritic cells
  • Microglial cells and macrophages
  • Natural killer cells and natural killer T cells
  • gammadelta T cells
  • The contribution of innate immunity during different stages of MS and EAE
  • The role of the adaptive immune system in MS
  • CD4+ T cells
  • CD8+ T cells
  • B cells
  • Regulatory T cells
  • Immunomodulatory therapies for MS
  • First-line therapy for RRMS
  • Second-line therapies for RRMS
  • Emerging therapies
  • SPMS and PPMS
  • Summary
  • References
  • Chapter 5 Animal models based on virus infection
  • Theiler's virus
  • Determinants of disease
  • Demyelination
  • Semliki Forest virus
  • Virulence determinants
  • Demyelination
  • JHM coronavirus
  • Demyelination
  • Relevance to MS
  • Viruses as potential gene therapy agents in the treatment of MS
  • Herpesvirus vectors
  • Adenovirus vectors
  • Retrovirus vectors
  • Vaccinia virus vectors
  • Alphavirus vectors
  • Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • Chapter 6 Viruses in the etiology of MS
  • Measles and rubella viruses
  • Characteristics of the viruses
  • Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
  • Measles inclusion body encephalitis.
  • Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
  • Progressive rubella panencephalitis
  • Link with MS?
  • Herpesviruses
  • Herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2
  • Varicella-zoster virus
  • Human herpesvirus type 6
  • Epstein-Barr virus
  • Conclusions
  • Retroviruses
  • Association with MS
  • Natalizumab and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
  • JC virus
  • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
  • Risk assessment
  • Human viruses and MS
  • References
  • Chapter 7 Epilogue: conclusions and future directions
  • References
  • Index.

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