Bronze Age Metalwork

Bronze ornaments of the Nordic Bronze Age were elaborate objects that served as status symbols to communicate social hierarchy. An interdisciplinary investigation of the artefacts (dating from 1500-1100 BC) was adopted to elucidate their manufacture and origin, resulting in new insights into metal c...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Nørgaard, Heide W.
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford : Archaeopress, 2018.
Subjects:	Bronze age > Scandinavia. Metal-work, Prehistoric > Scandinavia. Antiquities Bronze age Metal-work, Prehistoric Scandinavia > Antiquities. Scandinavia
Online Access:	Click for online access

Table of Contents:

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents Page
List of figures
Introduction
Definition of terms
Figure 1.001: Schematic illustration of the difference between technique and technology.
Figure 1.002: Pictured craftsmanship.
Figure 1.003: Diagram shows the different categories of craftsmanship explained in the text
Figure 1.004: Single steps of a metallurgical chain
Figure 1.005: Percentage distribution of the individual object groups in the study.
Figure 1.006: Ratio of the examined object groups to the overall findings in regard to the periods and regions.
Figure 1.007: Typological sheet after Montelius (1885) supplemented by Åberg (1936)
Figure 1.008: Chronology scheme of the early and middle Bronze Age, with comparisons to south and west Europe
Figure 1.009: Modelled (shaded) and unmodelled (un-shaded) calibrated age probability distributions, grouped by periods
Figure 1.010: C-14 data from the oak-coffin burials of Melhøj
Figure 1.011: The grave goods of the Skrydstrup burial, Haderslev Amt
Figure 1.012: The grave goods of the Egtved burial, Vejle Amt
Figure 1.013: The grave goods from the female burial in Borum Eshøj, Aarhus Amt
Figure 1.014: Regional groupings on Zealand during NBA II
Figure 1.015: Regional groupings on Jutland and the Island Fyn during NBA II and III
Figure 1.016: Regional groupings of the Early and Middle Bronze Age in Germany
Figure 1.017: The distribution of the examined object groups within the Bronze Age periods.
Figure 1.018: The Egtved burial
Figure 1.019: Wobst´s target groups of stylistic messages
Figure 1.020: Burial from Wardböhmen 'Hengstberg'
Figure 1.021: Classification chart of neck collar 1 (based on Nørgaard 2011).
Figure 1.021: Classification chart of neck collar 1.
Figure 1.022: Classification chart of neck collar 2
Figure 1.023: Classification chart of neck collar 3 (based on Nørgaard 2011).
Figure 1.024: The NBA IB collar from Kurcewo with the additional hoard ensemble
Figure 1.025: Remains of organic material on the reverse side of the neck collar from Kværkeby, København Amt
Figure 1.026: The classification of small belt discs into the eight described types.
Figure 1.027: The diagram shows the different types of small belt discs and their type of deposition.
Figure 1.028: The typological classification of belt plates.
Figure 1.029: The hoard from Svenstrup, Sorø Amt.
Figure 1.030: Distribution of tutuli examined within this study.
Figure 1.031: Classification of ribbed tutuli
Figure 1.032: Distribution of tutuli in NBA III in Mecklenburg
Figure 1.033: Pin types associated with neck collars in the Bronze Age in northern Europe
Figure 1.034: Wheel-headed pin from Rehlingen, Lower Saxony
Figure 1.035: Classification of wheel-headed and disc-headed pins
Figure 1.036: Distribution of wheel-headed pins Lüneburg-type
Figure 1.037: Distribution of wheel-headed pins southwest of the Elbe River
Figure 1.038: Spiral-decorated disc-headed pin from Heitbrack, Lower Saxony
Figure 1.039: Distribution of disc-headed pins in regard to their decoration southwest of the Elbe River
Figure 1.040: Distribution of disc-headed pins in regard to their decoration in Mecklenburg
Figure 1.041: The disc-head pin Weitgendorf-type from Weisin, Mecklenburg
Figure 1.042: The workshop in Feudvar
Figure 1.043: Crucibles and moulds from Feudvar
Figure 1.044: Metal working activities related to settlements during the early Bronze Age (left) and the younger Bronze Age (right)
Figure 1.045: The house in Torslev
Figure 1.046: The deposit from Génelard, Saône-et-Loire, France.
Figure 1.047: Distribution of bronze anvils in Europe
Figure 1.048: Tool deposit from Murnau, Upper Bavaria
Figure 1.049: Deposit from Gussage All Saints, Dorset, with bone tools and bronze ingots
Figure 1.050: Excavation sketch from the Leubingen grave
Figure 2.001: Distribution of finds in the periods.
Figure 2.002: The Bell Beaker Cultures
Figure 2.003: The beehive-shaped box from the hoard in Skeldal
Figure 2.004: Geometric decoration of two Fårdrup Axes from the National Museum in Copenhagen.
Figure 2.005: The individual steps in the production of the Tinsdahl neck-ring-set
Figure 2.006: The individual steps in the production of the cast neck collar from Hohenlockstedt (Schleswig) in northwest Germany
Figure 2.007: The individual steps in crafting a fibula Lüneburg-type
Figure 2.008: A chisel-like tool similar to the pictured one could, after Drescher have caused the decorative notches on the neck collar from Hohenlockstedt
Figure 2.009: The copper wire of the spiral punch is coiled, as illustrated in the drawing by J. Kraglund
Figure 2.010: The fan-like structures in the centre of the spirals of several examined artefacts, like Rye on Zealand (B7612 and B7618), Karow in Mecklenburg (ALM Br.88)
Weitgendorf in Brandenburg (MM II8302).
Figure 2.011: The bronze anvils with grooves found in the Nordic Bronze Age
Figure 2.012: Different wooden tools and spatula used to make the embossed neck collar within the exclusion experiment
Figure 2.013: Production steps of an embossed neck collar:
Figure 2.014: Comparison of the spirals on the embossed collar and the neck collar
Figure 2.015: Comparison of the spirals of the embossed neck collar (A) and a neck collar from Rye, Holbæk (B7612).
Figure 2.016: Comparison of the rib-group of the embossed collar (A) and the collar of Weitgendorf II, Kr. Prignitz
Figure 2.017: Two belt plates experimentally produced: made via cire perdue cast (A) and punched by the goldsmith Boas (B).
Figure 2.018: Characteristic differences between cast- and cold-worked bronze ornaments.
Figure 2.019: Several errors, such as interruptions in decoration, assign the bronze plate as a medium quality cast.
Figure 2.020: Characteristic markers of punched decorative elements.
Figure 2.021: Characteristic markers of hand-applied spirals.
Figure 2.022: Negative pattern is recognisable on the reverse side of the hammered plate (A) and not on the cast plate (B).
Figure 2.023: Different hearth constructions, from a simple fire place to a melting oven
Figure 2.024: Wall paintings of the Old Kingdom displaying i.e. workers carrying crucibles with wooden sticks
Figure 2.025: Single steps of the lost wax-method
Figure 2.026: Different surface structures of the neck collar from the Vellinge Mose hoard on the Danish Island Fyn (NM 25787).
Figure 2.027: Variation of the cire perdue cast used in West Africa
Figure 2.028: Dendritic structures visible on the surface of the belt disc VM 1680KJ.
Figure 2.029: Cast skin on the small belt discs from Vognserup Enge
Figure 2.030: Difference between reworked and cast decoration on the belt plate (VM1680KC) from the Vognserup hoard.
Figure 2.031: Cast (top) and reworked (bottom) humps of the belt disc (VM 1680KL) from the Vognserup hoard.
Figure 2.032: Difference between the weak hump impression with cast skin and the deep post-casting reworking of the belt disc from Molzen (242:84g).
Figure 2.033: Use of organic cotter in making eyelets demonstrated on the belt disc from Appel, Kr. Harburg.
Figure 2.034: Use of organic cotter in making eyelets demonstrated on the belt disc from Appel, Kr. Harburg
Figure 2.035: Use of organic cotter in making eyelets demonstrated on the belt disc from Molzen
Figure 2.036: Use of a rod-like implement in making eyelets demonstrated on the belt discs from Vorder-Bollhagen in Mecklenburg (ALM3140) and Sludstrup, Jutland (NM B299a).
Figure 2.037: Residues of ceramic core material in the spike´s interior of discs NM 10935a and NM 10938a from the Svenstrup hoard.
Figure 2.038: Residues of ceramic core material in the spike´s interior of the NM 10938b and NM 10938c from the Svenstrup hoard.
Figure 2.039: Characteristic traces for the use of ceramic cores in making eyelets shown on the tutuli from the Vendsyssel hoard.
Figure 2.040: An example of an Early Bronze Age triangular dagger from Wismar with cast-on handle
Figure 2.041: The belt plate from Grabow in Mecklenburg was made using the cast-on technique
Figure 2.042: Cast-on technique shown on the belt plate from Grabow in Mecklenburg (ALM LIH 16).
Figure 2.043: Cast-on technique shown on the belt plate (VM 1680KD) from the Vognserup hoard.
Figure 2.044: Cast-on technique shown on the largest belt plate (VM 1680KC) from the Vognserup hoard.
Figure 2.045: Cast-on technique shown on the largest belt plate (NM 10931) from the Svenstrup hoard.
Figure 2.046: Cast-on technique shown on the belt plate from Langstrup (NM B2307).
Figure 2.047: Cast-on technique shown on the belt plate from Gollern (LMN 4753).
Figure 2.048: Cast-on technique shown on the belt plate from Rye (NM B7619).
Figure 2.049: Cast-on technique shown on the belt plate from Gerdrup (NM B11459-2).
Figure 2.050: Cast-on technique shown on the smaller belt plate from the Frankerup hoard (NM CMXII).

Bronze Age Metalwork

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