| Summary: | Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy or CDCR is a surgical procedure where a new passage is created for drainage of tears from the conjunctival cul-de-sac directly into the nasal cavity. The procedure can be performed via an external approach (external CDCR), an endoscopic approach (endoscopic CDCR), or a minimally invasive approach (MICDCR) or diode laser-assisted (LCDCR) and endoscopic conjunctivorhinostomy (CR) without a DCR. Though the procedure is useful with a success rate hovering around 90%, large series have shown two major complications, namely, extrusion of the tube ranging from 28% to as high as 51% and tube malposition ranging from 22 to 28%. In order to avoid these complications, numerous modifications of the bypass tube have been published including additional flanges, wide medial ends, angulated tubes, and porous polyethylene-coated tubes. This video elucidates fundamentals of CDCR, its indications, contraindications, techniques, complications and outcomes assessment that will provide a great learning experience to ophthalmology and otolaryngology surgeons. This video serves as a useful link to the chapters with similar titles in the 2nd edition of the textbook 'Principles and Practice of Lacrimal Surgery' and also 'Atlas of Lacrimal Drainage Disorders', both edited and authored respectively by the author of this video, Dr Mohammad Javed Ali and published by Springer. The reader gets great details and bibliography, and images from these sources in addition to the surgical steps illustrated in the video for complete knowledge.
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